Red, swollen, painful bumps appear that sometimes ooze fluid or pus called an abscess. Some people also get a fever. In the past, MRSA mostly affected people in nursing homes or hospitals.
It was more likely to be seen in people with weak immune systems. It was also more common in people who had a surgical wound. But now some otherwise healthy people outside of those settings are getting the infection. Sometimes, people can be "carriers" of MRSA. This means that the bacteria stay on or in their bodies for days, weeks, or even years without causing symptoms.
But they can spread it to others. The types of samples obtained to help diagnose MRSA include the following:. Wound samples are obtained with a sterile cotton swab and placed in a container. Sputum is the substance that comes up from the respiratory tract during coughing. A sputum culture analyzes the sputum for the presence of bacteria, cell fragments, blood , or pus.
People who can cough can usually provide a sputum sample easily. Those who are unable to cough or who are on ventilators may need to undergo a respiratory lavage or bronchoscopy to obtain a sputum sample.
Respiratory lavage and bronchoscopy involve the use of a bronchoscope, which is a thin tube with a camera attached. Under controlled conditions, the doctor inserts the bronchoscope through the mouth and into your lungs.
The bronchoscope allows the doctor to see the lungs clearly and to collect a sputum sample for testing. To do this, urine is collected in a sterile cup during urination. The cup is then given to the doctor, who sends it to a lab for analysis.
Sometimes, urine must be collected directly from the bladder. To do this, the healthcare provider inserts a sterile tube called a catheter into the bladder. Urine then drains from the bladder into a sterile container.
A blood culture requires taking a blood draw and placing the blood on a dish in a laboratory. If bacteria grow on the dish, doctors can more easily identify what bacteria type is causing infection. Results from blood cultures typically take about 48 hours. A positive test result can indicate the blood infection sepsis. Bacteria can enter the blood from infections located in other parts of your body, such as the lungs , bones , and urinary tract.
These infections usually require antibiotics through an IV , sometimes for long periods of time depending on the severity of your infection. If you have a large enough skin infection, your doctor may decide to perform an incision and drainage. Not all boils are caused by MRSA bacteria — other kinds may be the culprit. Rely on a professional to drain a boil. Do not try to squeeze it or drain it yourself. If a minor skin injury starts to hurt — a lot, much more than seems normal — be on the lookout.
Cellulitis is a deep skin infection caused by staph or streptococcus strep bacteria, including MRSA. Cellulitis leads to redness, swelling, pain and heat in the skin, sometimes in a large, diffuse area. MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common antibiotics, so they're more difficult to treat.
This can allow the infections to spread and sometimes become life-threatening. MRSA infections may affect your:. Visitors and health care workers caring for people in isolation may need to wear protective garments.
They also must follow strict hand hygiene procedures. For example, health care workers can help prevent HA-MRSA by washing their hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer before and after each clinical appointment. Hospital rooms, surfaces and equipment, as well as laundry items, need to be properly disinfected and cleaned regularly. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections.
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