Concarneau is located on the northwest coast of France. Today, research is conducted on molecular biology, biochemistry and environmental studies. In , Spencer Fullerton Baird, the first director of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries now known as the National Marine Fisheries Service , began a collection station in Woods Hole, Massachusetts because of the abundant marine life there and to investigate declining fish stocks.
This laboratory still exists now known as the Northeast Fisheries Science Center and is the oldest fisheries research facility in the world. The MBL was designed as a summer program for the study of the Biology of Marine Life for the purpose of basic research and education.
An independent biological laboratory was established in San Diego in by University of California professor Dr.
William E. Ritter, which became part of the University of California in and was named the Scripps Institution of Oceanography after its benefactors. Technology brought the study of marine biology to new heights during the years following the HMS Challenger expedition. In William Beebe and Otis Barton descended 3, ft below the surface off the coast of Bermuda in a bathysphere designed and funded by Barton.
This depth record was not broken until when Barton made a bathysphere dive to 4, feet. During the interim, Beebe was able to observe deep-sea life in its own environment rather than in a specimen jar. In , a descent was made to 35, feet or 6. The bathyscaph Trieste was built by Auguste Piccard.
Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh. The descent took almost 5 hours and the 2 men spent barely 20 minutes on the ocean floor before undertaking the 3 hour 15 minute ascent. In the years following, the bathyscaph was used for a number of Oceanographic research projects including biological observation and in , she was chartered and later purchased by the U. The Navy continued to use the bathyscaph for Oceanographic Research off the coast of San Diego and later used the Trieste for a submarine recovery mission off the U.
The sea and its fathomless nature have always lured humans, and not only through the songs of mermaids. The sea and its biological diversity were explored by the Greek classics and especially by the infamous Aristotle BC , who should be considered the first marine biologist.
Aristotle is for most people a philosopher and not a scientist, but his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in Western culture. Aristotle was a polymath and a great observer interested in zoology and marine creatures.
He distinguished about species of animals, arranging them in his book 'History of Animals' in a graded scale of perfection with man at the top. Aristotle deeply analysed the fauna and flora of the island of Lesbos and its internal lagoon for two years before being appointed tutor of Alexander the Great. The Serranidae fish sea basses are a classical example of simultaneous hermaphroditism, with functional testis and ovary coexisting in mature individuals.
Other hermaphrodite fish species mature first as males or females and then change sex. Aristotle also described the reproductive behaviour of some ovoviviparous sharks ie embryos develop in an egg but within the mother. Aristotle did not get it all right though. The gonad development and reproductive strategy of the eels remained a mystery and research in marine stations at the turn of the 19th century would be necessary to find a response to the way in which European eels develop and reproduce….
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